Radioactive Waste
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Radioactive Waste Management Coordination Unit (RAYK)
The Radioactive Waste Management Coordination Unit acting within the scope of Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency is responsible for the collection, acceptance, labelling, packaging and storage of radioactive waste arising from the use of radioactive materials in Türkiye. It is also responsible for implementing national and international legislation and monitoring technical, social, economic and policy-related studies.
These activities are carried out in accordance with the principles of protecting human health, the environment, areas beyond national borders and future generations; leaving the minimum possible burden to future generations; minimising waste generation; ensuring facility safety; and maintaining integrity between the stages of waste management.
The Radioactive Waste Management Facility, Türkiye's first and only licensed radioactive waste facility, was established in 1989.
!!!An appointment must be obtained via ray@tenmak.gov.tr before radioactive waste is delivered. !!!
Under the Regulation on the Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel, published in Official Gazette No. 32362 dated 7.11.2023, the person authorised for the activity that generated the waste must ensure that radioactive waste packages comply with the waste acceptance criteria.
Disused sealed sources may not be released into the environment or may not be stored finally by the authorised person. If return to the country or supplier of origin is not possible, they must be delivered to the radioactive waste facility. Sealed sources for which no reason is provided for the inability to return them to origin will not be accepted by the facility.
Delivery Conditions for the Temporary Storage of Radioactive Sources
If the volume of a package, device or similar load is less than 1 m³ and its weight is below 3 tonnes, it may be brought to the facility, after informing RAIT staff and making an appointment, without additional packaging or crane services.
Loads exceeding 1 m³ in volume or 3 tonnes in weight must be delivered secured within an additional package/container with an opening and closing lid that is watertight and resistant to outdoor weather conditions. Crane or handling services for unloading and stacking must be provided by the carrier.
Large or heavy loads must be unloaded at the location indicated by RAIT staff using a suitable crane hired by the carrier. A prior site inspection may be carried out if necessary.
Suitable clearances must be provided beneath the load to allow forklift forks to enter.
The surface dose rate must not exceed 30 µSv/h at any point. If this limit is exceeded, the carrier is responsible for providing additional packaging or shielding.
The load must contain a radioactive source above the exemption limits, be contaminated with radioactivity, or have itself become radioactive.
An official certificate, licence or measurement document demonstrating that this condition is met must be submitted to RAIT.
Loads that do not meet these conditions will not be accepted for temporary storage.
Waste Acceptance Criteria
Radioactive waste acceptance criteria have been determined taking into account the legislation of the Republic of Türkiye, international standards and recommendations, facility capacity and operating experience.
Radionuclide Content
Acceptance by the facility is limited to radionuclides listed in the Table of Exemption Limits for Radioisotopes in Annex 4 to the Regulation on Authorisations for Radiation Facilities and Radiation Practices.
Activity
Sources below the activity and activity concentration limits in Annex 4 do not need to be delivered as radioactive waste. Although there is no upper activity limit for waste accepted by the facility, other requirements such as surface dose, criticality, gas generation and heat output must be met.
Dose Velocity
For packaged or unpackaged waste, the dose velocity on the surface of the package or original shielding must not exceed 30 µSv/h at any point. If this limit is exceeded, the waste producer and carrier must provide additional packaging or shielding.
Surface Contamination
Beta contamination must be below 0.4 Bq/cm².
Alpha contamination must be below 0.04 Bq/cm².
Surfaces exceeding these limits must be placed in a clean transport container.
Nuclear Criticality
With the exception of depleted uranium (DU) used for shielding in certified transport containers and nuclear compounds used for training and research, spent fuel, potentially critical fresh fuel and similar nuclear materials are not accepted by the facility. Acceptable nuclear compounds must be delivered within a containment system that ensures criticality safety and has been approved by the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NDK).
Heat and Gas Generation
The heat output of the waste must be at a level that will not damage the package or original shielding.
Generated gases must not cause damage such as swelling, explosion or corrosion.
Where pressure may increase, automatic pressure-regulating systems must be used and additional precautions must be taken for harmful gases.
Chemical Content
Relevant analyses must be submitted to the facility before delivery.
Radioactive liquids containing chemical contamination must be kept in suitable chemical containers and shielded so as to comply with transport dose limits.
The waste form must not undergo a flammable or explosive reaction with air or water; chemical stability must be ensured by the waste producer.
Fire Resistance
Tesisimize teslim edilecek tüm radyoaktif atıklar için teslimden önce ilgili analizlerin tesisimize sunulması gerekmektedir.
Kimyasal kirlilik ihtiva eden radyoaktif sıvılar, ilgili kimyasalın şartlarına göre muhafaza edilmesinin yanında yüzey dozunun taşıma limitlerine çekilmesi için ayrıca zırhlanmalıdır.
Radyoaktif atık kimyasal madde içeriyorsa bu atık formunun hava ya da su ile doğrudan yanıcı, patlayıcı bir tepkimeye girmemesi gerekir. Atık üreticisi bu durumlarda atığın kimyasal kararlılığını sağlamalıdır.
Fire Resistance
Orta ve yüksek seviyeli radyoaktif atıkların paketlenmesi için yanmazlık sınıfı A kategorisi (alev almaz) olan malzeme kullanılmalıdır.
Düşük ve çok düşük seviyeli radyoaktif atıklar için en az yanmazlık sınıfı B2 sınıfı olmalı (kullanılan malzeme alev kaynağı uzaklaştırıldığında yanmaya devam etmemelidir).
Parlayıcılığı 65 0C altında olan hiçbir malzeme radyoaktif atıklarla birlikte kullanılmamalıdır.
Waste Package - General Conditions
Class A non-combustible material must be used for intermediate- and high-level waste.
At least Class B2 material must be used for low- and very-low-level waste.
Materials with a flash point below 65 °C must not be used with the waste.
The package must not contain free liquid or gas.
Lightning conductors containing Ra-226 and Am-241 must be packaged separately; Ra-226 lightning conductors must be placed in a shielded crate meeting the 30 µSv/h limit.
Radioactive waste must not be packaged or transported together with, or side by side to, other classes of dangerous goods.
Other materials within the package must not be adversely affected by radiation or alter the characteristics of the waste.
Shielding or packaging must not make it impossible to determine the number of sources or to access the source.
Sealed sources must be delivered intact in their transport container or device; sources whose integrity has been compromised must be provided with additional shielding.
Packages must be secured during transport using pallets, chocks, ropes, ratchet straps or similar means.
The package type and transport index must be indicated by a radioactive material label compliant with the applicable legislation.
Materials contaminated with NORM-TENORM or artificial radioisotopes weighing 3 tonnes or more, including packaging and securing elements, must be delivered in an unused and undamaged ISO 20-foot or ISO 40-foot container. Contaminated materials below 3 tonnes must be transported in leak-tight, top-opening, robust and weather-resistant packages with suitable clearances for forklift forks.
For container deliveries, four new Twistlocks and two Bridge Fittings must be provided for each container; installation must be carried out on the facility site by the organisation delivering the waste. The carrier is responsible for the costs of unloading, stacking, crane services and competent personnel.
No other waste, such as bare or sealed sources, lightning conductors, radioactive gauges or compasses, may be placed in a container or package containing contaminated scrap. A chargeable specialist service will be applied in cases of incomplete declaration or incorrect classification.
Where 10 or more medical generators are delivered at one time, they must be wrapped or secured on robust pallets so as to prevent overturning.
Identification and Labelling Information
Names and radioactivities of the radioisotopes
Physical/chemical form of the waste
If contained in a device: device type, make, model, serial number and licence details
Surface dose rate and transport index
Details of the person or organisation producing the waste
Process in which the waste was generated
Net weight and quantity
Whether the shielding contains DU and, if so, the quantity
If the radioisotope, activity or amount of DU cannot be determined, a chargeable identification and segregation specialist service must be used. Although the information may be provided by declaration, the quantity in the package must be capable of verification by facility staff. A specialist fee may also be charged for removing layers such as oil, dust, cement or paint that obscure the make, model, serial number or source information.
Waste Package Type and Internal Arrangement
A transport package type compliant with the applicable legislation must be selected.
For deliveries of 3 tonnes or more, a sound ISO 20-foot or 40-foot container must be used and its capacity must not be exceeded.
Dispersible forms such as liquids, powders and gases must first be placed in leak-tight packages of no more than 1 m³.
Forms with a density of 1 g/cm³ or less must be packaged in leak-tight plastic containers or big bags; denser materials must be packaged in leak-tight metal containers.
Materials such as soil, sand, rubble and slag must be placed in the container in leak-tight drums or certified big bags.
Non-dispersible items such as scrap pipes, systems and machinery may be placed directly in the container.
A weighbridge ticket or delivery note must be submitted; the facility's weighbridge measurement will prevail.
Waste Package Type and Internal Arrangement
A transport package type compliant with the applicable legislation must be selected.
For deliveries of 3 tonnes or more, a sound ISO 20-foot or 40-foot container must be used and its capacity must not be exceeded.
Dispersible forms such as liquids, powders and gases must first be placed in leak-tight packages of no more than 1 m³.
Forms with a density of 1 g/cm³ or less must be packaged in leak-tight plastic containers or big bags; denser materials must be packaged in leak-tight metal containers.
Materials such as soil, sand, rubble and slag must be placed in the container in leak-tight drums or certified big bags.
Non-dispersible items such as scrap pipes, systems and machinery may be placed directly in the container.
A weighbridge ticket or delivery note must be submitted; the facility's weighbridge measurement will prevail.
Nothing other than radioactive waste may be placed in the package.
Void space within the package must be reduced to a maximum of 10%.
Nested containers must not leak; fragile containers must be protected by supports that provide shock resistance.
Waste Package Strength and Quality Control
The package must not undergo deterioration such as shrinkage, expansion, or gas or particle generation.
A certificate must be available confirming that the package has passed the tests required under the Regulation on the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials.
It must be resistant to aqueous environments and mechanically stable, and must withstand a pressure of at least 10 MPa.
Package characteristics must be verified by TSE, UN, CE or equivalent documentation.
The person/organisation delivering the waste and the carrier must be authorised by the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NDK).
The source licence, production certificate, analysis report, transport licence, ADR documentation and SRC 5 Class 7 certificates must be complete.
Labelling, packaging and transport must comply with the applicable legislation and Guideline RSGD-KLV-035.
Non-conformities and Acceptance Inspection
Waste that does not comply with the conditions may, following assessment by RAIT specialists, be placed in temporary storage or returned without acceptance. Where temporary storage is used, a service application must be submitted and the waste will be stored for a fee until the conditions are met.
Packages arriving at the facility are checked for compliance with legislative, labelling, dose-rate, contamination, identification, stacking, internal arrangement and strength requirements. Measurements are made using calibrated instruments, physical conditions are assessed by visual inspection, and matters requiring certification are assessed on the basis of the documents submitted.
Non-compliant packages may, within the facility's capabilities, be brought into compliance through additional shielding, packaging, labelling, measurement or identification. A specialist fee starting from one specialist/one day is charged for these operations. If this is not possible, temporary storage will be applied or the waste will be returned; any return will be notified to the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NDK).
Radioactive Waste Services and Charges
Natural or legal persons wishing to deliver radioactive waste should first contact ray@tenmak.gov.tr regarding the waste acceptance criteria and available services. Applicant organisations are provided with the necessary information and support. Service charges are published in the TENMAK List of Service and Transaction Charges.
Legislation
Official Gazette No. 32362 dated 7 November 2023: Regulation on the Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel
Official Gazette No. 25869 dated 8 July 2005: Regulation on the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials
Official Gazette No. 32296 dated 1 September 2023: Regulation on the Clearance and Release of Radioactive Materials
Official Gazette No. 23999 dated 24 March 2000: Radiation Safety Regulation
Official Gazette No. 30754 dated 24 April 2019: Regulation on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
Official Gazette No. 18132 dated 11 August 1983: Environmental Law No. 2872
Official Gazette No. 31922 dated 13 August 2022: Regulation on the Authorisation of Environmental Remediation Activities for Areas Exposed to Radioactive Contamination
Guideline on the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials
Guideline on Radioactivity Monitoring and Radiation Protection in Scrap Metal
Guideline on the Removal and Transport of Lightning Conductors Containing Radioactive Sources
Frequently Asked Questions on Radioactive Waste Management
Who should submit the application on behalf of the institution?
Applications are submitted through the e-Government Gateway using an individual's login. Any person who has information about the waste to be delivered may submit the application, irrespective of their authority within the organisation.
Can I pay the waste charge in cash?
A charge is generated after the application. Payment is made to Ziraat Bank using the charge reference number; cash payments are not accepted.
Can we transport the radioactive waste ourselves?
Is the radioactive waste package returned?
Waste is accepted together with its transport packaging. For devices containing a source, the entire device is delivered; the source is not removed with the remaining parts returned.
Are X-ray devices radioactive waste?
X-ray tubes and X-ray devices are not accepted as radioactive waste because they do not contain radioactive sources. Chemical waste procedures must be carried out in accordance with environmental legislation and the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NDK) must be informed.
Do you remove radioactive lightning conductors from building roofs?
TENMAK does not remove lightning conductors. A waste delivery application may be submitted for lightning conductors that have already been removed; licensed organisations must be engaged for removal and transport.
Which documents are required for waste delivery?
A copy of the transport licence, the application form, the radioactivity analysis form and other documents depending on the type of waste are required. For details, please write to ray@tenmak.gov.tr.
Do you submit bids for radioactive waste tenders?
When waste information is submitted by formal petition, fee information is provided by official letter; this letter may be treated as a quotation. TENMAK does not submit bids directly in tenders.
Can we take back waste that we have delivered?
Radioactive waste that has been accepted cannot be reused and is not returned.
Is delivery in a container compulsory?
Waste weighing more than 3 tonnes including its packaging must be delivered in a 20-foot ISO container. The carrier is responsible for providing crane services for unloading.
Do you provide radioactive material/waste transport services?
TENMAK does not provide radioactive material or waste transport services.
This page updated at 22 September 2026 13:41
